Author's course of Arnaldo Castellucci

– Digital radiology: the importance of 3D research
in endodontics;
– CBCT: planes and principles of 3D image formation;
– Limitations of using 2D images;
– Visualization of anatomical formations on CBCT:
• Mental foramen and mental nerve,
• Dens in dental,
• Inferior alveolar nerve,
• Calcification of root canals,
• Traumatic root injuries,
• Missed root canals,
• Internal and external root resorption;
– Indications for CBCT before and during surgery.

duration: 1 h 23 min

– Goals of conservative endodontics;
– Causes of endodontic treatment failures:
• under-sealing ,
• hyper sealing;
– Methods for determining the working length of root canals:
• tactile,
• X-ray,
• using the apexlocator,
• application of paper pin;
– Anatomical apex and radiological apex: the main differences;
– Physical principles of operating on the apexlocator;
– The role of the file to check the patency.

duration: 1 h 27 min

– Evolution and properties of MTA;
– Indications for the use of MTA in conservative and surgical
endodontics;
– Apical barrier technique;
– Perforation closure by vertical compaction method;
– MTA removal: indications and tactics;
– Protocols for the use of MTA in endodontics:
• how to seal an open apex,
• perforation under the microscope,
• how to protect a pulp exposure to perform a direct pulp capping,
• retrograde filling;
– Long-term results of using MTA in endodontics.

duration: 1 h 25 min

– Silver pin extraction: detailed protocols, recommendations, life hacks;
– Tools for removing broken files from canals;
– Saving the instrument in the canal: indications;
– Remove or bypass a broken file: choosing tactics;
– Factors affecting the removal of broken files;
– Causes of endodontic instrument fracture;
– Indications for surgical methods of removal of broken files;
– Method of removing the cast pin tab;
– The technique of removing the threaded tab;
– Methods of extraction of fiberglass pins.

duration: 1 h 23 min

– Advantages of working with a microscope and ultrasound in endodontics;
– Indications for the use of ultrasonics in clinical and surgical endodontics;
– Finishing protocol of the access cavity using ultrasonics;
– Protocol for creating an access cavity using the example of a central incisor;
– Overview of various types of ultrasonics and their clinical application;
– Removal of calcifications from the tooth cavity;
– Methods of endodontic retreatment with the use of ultrasonics;
– Broken files: removal protocol;
– The use of ultrasonics in surgical endodontics.

duration: 1 h 25 min

– Periodontal dental health: criteria;
– Periapical curettage vs apectomy;
– Advantages and importance of using a microscope;
– The concept of microsurgical endodontics and its differences from endodontic surgery;
– Protocol of microsurgical operation in endodontics;
– Causes of endodontic surgery failures;
– Planning of treatment in endodontic surgery;
– Limitations of using a 2D image;
– Fistula: tactics and a scientifically based approach;
– Application of ultrasonics in retrograde sealing: protocol;
– Indications and contraindications for endodontic surgery;
– Histological aspects of endodontic surgery;
– Flap design: scar-free operations and flaps of choice;
– Methods of bone grafting during surgery in endodontics;
– Suture: materials and terms of suture release.

duration: 1 h 32 min